Foundations of physiology
History
Notable physiologists
Women in physiology
- Gerty Cori,[41] along with husband Carl Cori, received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1947 for their discovery of the phosphate-containing form of glucoseknown as glycogen, as well as its function within eukaryotic metabolic mechanisms for energy production. Moreover, they discovered the Cori cycle, also known as the Lactic acid cycle,[42] which describes how muscle tissue converts glycogen into lactic acid via lactic acid fermentation.
- Barbara McClintock was rewarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of genetic transpositionMcClintock is the only female recipient who has won an unshared Nobel Prize.[43]
- Gertrude Elion,[44] along with George Hitchings and Sir James Black, received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1988 for their development of drugs employed in the treatment of several major diseases, such as leukemia, some autoimmune disorders, gout, malaria, and viral herpes.
- Linda B. Buck,[45] along with Richard Axel, received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2004 for their discovery of odorant receptors and the complex organization of the olfactory system.
- Françoise Barré-Sinoussi,[46] along with Luc Montagnier, received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2008 for their work on the identification of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), the cause of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome(AIDS).
- Elizabeth Blackburn,[47] along with Carol W. Greider[48] and Jack W. Szostak, was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of the genetic composition and function of telomeres and the enzyme called telomerase.
Subdisciplines
- based on the taxa studied: human physiology, animal physiology, plant physiology, microbial physiology, viral physiology
- based on the level of organization: cell physiology, molecular physiology, systemsphysiology, organismal physiology, ecological physiology, integrative physiology
- based on the process that causes physiological variation: developmentalphysiology, environmental physiology, evolutionary physiology
- based on the ultimate goals of the research: applied physiology (e.g., medical physiology), non-applied (e.g., comparative physiology)
Physiological societies
See also
- Outline of physiology
- Biochemistry
- Biophysics
- Cytoarchitecture
- Defense physiology
- Ecophysiology
- Exercise physiology
- Fish physiology
- Insect physiology
- Human body
- Molecular biology
- Metabolome
- Neurophysiology
- Pharmacology
- Physiome
- Physiology is the study of normal function within living creatures. It is a sub-section of biology, covering a range of topics that include organs, anatomy, cells, biological compounds, and how they all interact to make life possible.
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